Although most people only experience mild symptoms, severe cases of dry eye syndrome may cause complications.

The two main complications associated with dry eye syndrome are conjunctivitis and ulceration of the cornea.

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the transparent layer of cells that covers the white part of the eyeball and the inner surfaces of the eyelids).

Symptoms of conjunctivitis are similar to dry eye syndrome – including red eyes, a feeling of grit in your eyes, a burning sensation in your eyes and eyelids that stick together when you wake up.

Most cases of conjunctivitis caused by dry eye syndrome are mild and do not need specific treatment. However, if you have conjunctivitis that becomes severe and long-term (chronic), you may be referred to a specialist for treatment.

Inflammation of the cornea

In severe cases of untreated dry eye syndrome or cases that do not respond well to treatment, the associated inflammation can damage the surface of the cornea (the transparent layer at the front of the eye). This is called keratitis.

This damage can make the cornea vulnerable to ulceration and infection, which could potentially threaten your sight. 

Symptoms of serious problems with your corneas include eye pain, sensitivity to light and a deterioration in your vision.

Contact your GP immediately if you think you may have any problems with your corneas. If this is not possible, visit your nearest accident and emergency (A&E) department.